Hypovolemic shock often results from significant blood loss, fluid depletion, or fluid sequestration into the third space, leading to a reduction in effective circulating volume. It encompasses hemorrhagic shock caused by large vessel rupture or organ bleeding, as well as traumatic shock arising from blood and fluid loss due to various injuries or major surgeries.
The primary manifestations of hypovolemic shock include reduced central venous pressure (CVP), decreased venous return, and lowered cardiac output, which contribute to hypotension. Neuroendocrine mechanisms may induce peripheral vasoconstriction, increased vascular resistance, and tachycardia. Additionally, microcirculatory dysfunction can lead to tissue damage and organ impairment. The treatment for this type of shock relies on restoring blood volume, addressing the underlying cause, and halting further blood or fluid loss.
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