Parkinson's disease (PD) is a progressive chronic neurological disorder of the central nervous system, characterized by muscle tremors, rigidity, bradykinesia, autonomic dysfunction, and postural reflex abnormalities. The incidence rate is approximately 4.5–21 per 100,000. It primarily affects middle-aged and elderly individuals, with the incidence increasing with age, and most cases begin between the ages of 50 and 70.
Clinical Presentation
Details can be found in the relevant chapters of Neurology.
Surgical Treatment
Indications for Surgery
Surgical treatment is considered for patients with a confirmed diagnosis of moderate to severe Parkinson's disease with significant symptoms. Candidates often include those whose symptoms are poorly controlled despite treatment with multiple medications or those who experience severe drug-related side effects, such as dyskinesia induced by levodopa.
Surgical Approach
Deep brain stimulation (DBS) involves precise stereotactic targeting to implant electrodes in specific brain regions, such as the thalamic nuclei (ventral intermediate nucleus, anterior nucleus, and subthalamic nucleus), brainstem, cerebellum, or caudate nucleus. These electrodes deliver continuous microcurrent stimulation, altering the excitability of the targeted nuclei. This method offers a safe, effective, and reversible neurosurgical approach for improving and managing central nervous system disorders.