Schwannoma is the most common type of tumor within the spinal canal. It originates from the Schwann cells of the spinal nerve sheath and can occur at any segment of the spinal canal. The disease progresses slowly, though cystic degeneration or hemorrhage within the tumor may cause acute exacerbation. The initial symptom is often radicular pain, followed by distal motor dysfunction in the limbs. Sensory abnormalities are typically observed in the skin near the tumor level, along with sphincter dysfunction.
Spinal X-rays or CT scans may reveal destruction of the vertebral arch, widening of the interpedicular distance, and enlargement of the intervertebral foramen. MRI findings often show the tumor presenting with long T1 and long T2 signals, with clear boundaries between the tumor and the spinal cord. Contrast-enhanced scans generally reveal significant enhancement. Surgical treatment is indicated upon confirmation of the diagnosis, and outcomes are generally favorable.