The clinical presentation varies depending on the severity of the injury.
Corneal Epithelial Abrasion
Symptoms include significant pain, photophobia, tearing, and reduced vision. Fluorescein staining highlights the epithelial defect. If infection develops, corneal ulcers may occur. Treatment often involves the application of antibiotic ointment with eye patching. Eye drops that promote epithelial regeneration and repair may also be used to accelerate healing.
Corneal Stromal Edema
This occurs due to abrupt corneal indentation, resulting in ruptures of the endothelium and Descemet's membrane. It is characterized by thickening and edematous clouding of the stromal layer, accompanied by folds in Descemet's membrane. The edema may be localized. Treatment may include corticosteroid eye drops or hyperosmotic solutions (such as 50% glucose solution). Mydriatic agents can be used when necessary.
Corneal Rupture
Severe contusions may cause corneal rupture. The clinical presentation and management approach align with those for penetrating eye injuries.