The cause of optic disc hemangioma remains unclear and is potentially an ocular manifestation of von Hippel-Lindau disease. It typically presents as a red or orange-yellow spherical mass protruding from the optic disc, often accompanied by extensive yellowish-white ring-shaped lipid exudates in the surrounding area. Depending on the tumor size, patients may experience symptoms such as decreased visual acuity, visual field defects, or ocular pain. Fundus examination, fluorescein angiography (FFA), and optical coherence tomography (OCT) provide significant assistance in diagnosis.
The characteristic FFA findings include rapid fluorescence filling of the tumor in the arterial phase, with immediate fluorescence appearing in the connected vein. In the late phase, the tumor and its surrounding area show significant fluorescein leakage, forming an intense fluorescent mass. In the absence of secondary complications, intervention is not recommended for optic disc hemangioma. When complications such as vitreous hemorrhage, macular edema, or retinal detachment occur, symptomatic treatment is provided. Treatment options include laser photocoagulation, radiation therapy, transpupillary thermotherapy (TTT), photodynamic therapy (PDT), surgical resection, and intravitreal injection of anti-angiogenic drugs.