Clinical Manifestations
Symptoms
The entry of inflammatory cells into the vitreous cavity may cause the sensation of floaters, and in severe cases, blurred vision. Symptoms of vitritis primarily originate from the underlying condition, such as iridocyclitis or choroiditis (detailed in uveitic diseases).
In addition, toxic anterior segment syndrome (TASS), an acute sterile inflammatory reaction occurring 12–24 hours after cataract or other anterior segment surgeries, typically presents with blurred vision, minimal or no pain, and mild discomfort.
Ocular Examination
Inflammatory cells from the iris, ciliary body, and anterior uvea may infiltrate the anterior vitreous, while inflammatory cells from the choroid may infiltrate the posterior vitreous. The former can be observed as punctate opacities under a slit lamp microscope, and the latter can be visualized using an ophthalmoscope.
As the inflammation subsides, the punctate opacities gradually diminish and may eventually resolve.
TASS is characterized by diffuse corneal edema, often accompanied by mild ciliary injection. The anterior chamber frequently shows fibrinous exudates. The posterior segment is generally unaffected, although severe anterior chamber inflammation may occasionally extend to the anterior vitreous.
Treatment
The treatment of non-infectious vitritis is aligned with the management of the underlying disease (detailed in uveitic diseases). For cases with severe vitreous opacities, vitrectomy can be performed after the inflammation has been controlled.