Clinical Presentation
Patients often exhibit no ciliary injection or only mild ciliary injection. Keratic precipitates (KP) may appear as fine, medium-sized, or mutton-fat deposits. Additional signs may include Koeppe nodules and/or Busacca nodules, iris depigmentation, atrophy, and posterior synechiae. Complications such as secondary cataracts and secondary glaucoma are common.
Diagnosis
The diagnosis is generally straightforward based on clinical presentation. However, attention should be given to any associated systemic diseases. In cases occurring in individuals under 16 years of age, a detailed history of arthritis or rashes should be obtained, and antinuclear antibody testing is recommended to determine whether juvenile idiopathic arthritis or other systemic conditions are present.
Treatment
Glucocorticoids and cycloplegic agents are commonly used for local treatment (as detailed in the treatment of acute anterior uveitis). The frequency of administration should be adjusted based on the severity of inflammation. For patients with systemic diseases, such as juvenile idiopathic arthritis, inflammatory bowel disease, or Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada disease, systemic administration of glucocorticoids and/or other immunosuppressive agents is often required in addition to local therapy. In rare cases, treatment with biologic agents may also be necessary.