Laryngeal mucocele is commonly caused by obstruction of submucosal mucus gland ducts due to inflammatory stimulation. In some cases, it arises from developmental obstruction of mucus gland ducts, leading to glandular expansion and mucus retention.
Clinical Manifestations
Smaller mucoceles are often asymptomatic and may be discovered incidentally during laryngoscopic examination. On rare occasions, patients may report a foreign body sensation in the throat. Larger mucoceles can cause a feeling of obstruction in the pharynx or larynx. Secondary infection may result in throat pain. If the glottis is involved, symptoms such as hoarseness, coughing, or even respiratory difficulty may occur.
Congenital mucoceles in newborns or infants may present with inspiratory stridor and symptoms of laryngeal obstruction. These symptoms can be alleviated or resolve when the neck is extended and are often accompanied by poor nutritional status.
The most common location for laryngeal mucocele is the lingual surface of the epiglottis. Laryngoscopic examination typically reveals a hemispherical cyst with a smooth surface, appearing slightly yellow or pale red. Puncture of the cyst may yield milky or brownish fluid.
Treatment
Partial excision of the cyst wall is performed in laryngoscopy, followed by laser vaporization of the cyst wall to reduce the risk of recurrence.