Nutritional Characteristics
Most school-aged children continue to experience steady physical growth. Primary teeth fall out, and permanent teeth emerge, accompanied by the maturation of chewing and swallowing functions. Digestive and absorption capacities approach adult levels. These children face heavy academic workloads and engage in significant physical activity, necessitating energy intake that meets both growth and activity demands. Adolescence marks the second peak period of growth and development, with 20–30% of total energy allocated to growth. Rapid skeletal growth during this phase accounts for a 45% increase in bone mass, resulting in calcium requirements that surpass those of childhood or adulthood, as well as a rise in the need for various vitamins. Dietary behaviors during these stages are shaped by factors such as family, peers, teachers, media, and advertisements. Issues like nutritional iron-deficiency anemia, anorexia nervosa, and overweight/obesity require timely attention for prevention.
Dietary Planning and Nutritional Education
The dietary arrangements for school-aged and adolescent children resemble those of adults, with emphasis on ensuring sufficient energy and protein intake. Whole grains processed to retain B vitamins are suitable staple foods. Seasonal and available food options should be diversified and combined in balanced ways. Foods rich in calcium, such as dairy products and soy-based products, are particularly important.
It is important to educate school-aged and adolescent children on scientific knowledge related to the prevention of nutritional diseases, helping them learn to make healthy food choices. For example, teaching children and parents about dietary balance contributes to the development of good eating habits and aligns with the prevention of chronic diseases such as obesity, diabetes, heart disease, and hypertension.