Nutritional Characteristics
Although physical growth slows down, it remains a period of rapid growth and development accompanied by increased physical activity, necessitating adequate energy and high-quality protein intake. Chewing and gastrointestinal digestive and absorption capacities remain immature, and improper feeding can lead to digestive disorders. Psychologically, toddlers begin developing individual personalities and exhibit a strong sense of self-feeding, gradually learning to use cups and spoons for eating. However, tendencies toward resistance related to eating behaviors may arise.
Dietary Arrangement and Development of Eating Skills
Nutrient and energy intake in a toddler's diet should meet physiological requirements for this age group. It is recommended that toddlers consume 25–30g of protein daily, with high-quality protein accounting for half of the total protein intake. The Adequate Intake (AI) for fat should account for 35% of total energy, while carbohydrates should fall within an Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Range (AMDR) of 50–65% of total energy.
Meals for toddlers should follow a regular schedule, with set times and locations and appropriate portion sizes. Four to five meals per day are suggested, including breakfast, lunch, and dinner as the main meals, with one or two snacks in between. Ideal mealtime duration is about 20–25 minutes per meal. Self-feeding skills should be encouraged, without rigidly defining feeding methods (such as using hands, spoons, or chopsticks) or applying coercion to eating behaviors. After the age of two, independent and self-directed feeding should gradually become the norm.