Informed choice of contraceptive methods is an essential component of high-quality reproductive planning services. It involves providing extensive education, training, consultation, and guidance to enable women of reproductive age to select a safe and effective contraceptive method that suits their individual characteristics, such as family circumstances, physical health, and marital status. The following provides an overview of contraceptive options for different stages of reproductive age.
Newlywed Period
Principles
Newly married couples who have not yet had children should prioritize contraceptive methods that are convenient to use and do not affect future fertility.
Preferred Methods
Combined oral contraceptive pills are highly effective, convenient, and do not interfere with sexual activity, making them the first choice. Male condoms are also an ideal option. For individuals who have not given birth or undergone induced abortion, intrauterine devices (IUDs) are not considered a primary option. Methods such as fertility awareness-based methods, withdrawal, and long-acting contraceptive pills are not recommended.
Lactation Period
Principles
Contraceptive methods during this period should not affect the quality of breast milk or the health of the infant.
Preferred Methods
Male condoms are the optimal contraceptive option during lactation. Progestin-only contraceptive methods may be initiated six weeks postpartum without affecting breast milk quality. Insertion of an intrauterine device during lactation should be performed gently to prevent uterine injury. Due to vaginal dryness during lactation, contraceptive vaginal films are not recommended. Combined estrogen-progestin contraceptives, contraceptive injections, and fertility awareness-based methods are not suitable during this period.
Interpregnancy Interval
Principles
Contraceptive methods during this period should be long-acting, reversible, safe, and reliable. Methods that reduce the need for abortion, thus avoiding the associated pain and complications, are preferred.
Preferred Methods
Various contraceptive options, including intrauterine devices, subdermal implants, combined oral contraceptives, contraceptive injections, and condoms, are all suitable. The choice should align with the individual’s physical condition and preferences.
Perimenopausal Transition Period
Principles
Ovulation may still occur during this period, requiring continued use of contraception. Barrier methods are preferred during this stage.
Preferred Methods
Condoms are a suitable option. Women who have been using intrauterine devices without adverse effects may continue their use, with removal recommended within six months after menopause. Combined oral contraceptives and fertility awareness-based methods are not recommended during this period.