Osteoid osteoma is a solitary, round, osteogenic benign tumor that primarily manifests as pain and is relatively uncommon. It most frequently occurs in children and adolescents, with a predilection for the long bones of the lower limbs. The lesion is characterized by a round or oval nidus surrounded by reactive bone, with limited growth potential. The tumor rarely exceeds 1 cm in diameter. CT imaging is useful for identifying the nidus.
Figure 1 Osteoid osteoma in the midshaft of the tibia
Clinical Features
The main symptom is pain, often more severe at night and progressively worsening. Pain relief is commonly achieved with aspirin, which serves as a diagnostic criterion. If the lesion is located near a joint, symptoms of arthritis may occur, potentially impairing joint function.
Treatment
Surgical intervention involves thorough removal of the nidus and the surrounding bone tissue, which effectively prevents recurrence.