Phimosis refers to a condition where the foreskin cannot be retracted to expose the glans penis due to a narrow preputial opening or adhesions between the foreskin and glans. Redundant prepuce, on the other hand, describes a condition where the foreskin completely covers the glans penis in a non-erect state but can be retracted to expose the glans.
Paraphimosis occurs when the foreskin is retracted behind the coronal sulcus and becomes trapped due to a constricted preputial ring. This entrapment may impair venous and lymphatic circulation, resulting in congestion and edema of the foreskin and glans. Prolonged paraphimosis may lead to ischemia or even necrosis of the glans penis.
Phimosis can lead to the accumulation of smegma, increasing the risk of balanoposthitis and secondary urinary tract infections. Chronic irritation over time may also contribute to the development of penile cancer.
In infants and young children with phimosis, preputial expansion techniques may be employed to evert the foreskin. If eversion is not possible, circumcision is required. Redundant prepuce necessitates regular retraction and cleaning to maintain local hygiene. Hand reduction should be employed promptly to treat paraphimosis.