Gallbladder adenoma is a common benign tumor of the gallbladder, accounting for approximately 1.1% of gallbladder specimens obtained from cholecystectomy. It is more frequently observed in middle-aged and elderly women. The tumor may appear as a solitary lesion or multiple lesions, with diameters varying in size. The largest adenomas can occupy the entire gallbladder. Localized ischemic necrosis can occur within the adenoma, and secondary infection may result in ulceration and bleeding.
Gallbladder adenoma is considered a precancerous lesion of gallbladder cancer, with a malignant transformation rate of approximately 1.5%. Once diagnosed, surgical treatment is indicated.